Method of and machine for turning metal and the like



Feb. 15, 1944. 2,341,668

METHOD OF AND' MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE 0 E. STAPLES Filed Dec. 16, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 15, 1944. a. E.- STAPLES f 2,341,668

METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE Filed D ec. 1 6, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY 5 Feb. 15, 1944.-

O. E. STAPLES METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 16, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 26' INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS Feb. '15, 1944. o. E. STAPLES 2,341,668

METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 16, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 1% F/WfiM ATTORNEYS Feb; 15, 1944.

o. E. STAPLES 2,341,668

METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 16, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 INYENTOR. 0775 57/4/ 455 M Wm M ATTORNEY!) Feb. 15, 1944. Q TA LE 2,341,668

METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 16, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 v INVENTOR. F76. 7? 0775 E. 6774, 455

A R Y Feb. 15, 1944. Q s p s 2,341,668

METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 16, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 74 205 INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y5 Patented Feb. 15, 1944 METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR TURNING METAL AND THE LIKE Otis E. Staples, Euclid, Ohio, assignor to The Cleveland Bobbing Machine Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application December 16, 1941, Serial No. 423,196

17 Claims.

The present invention relates to a machine method and cutter for forming or'cutting material such as metal, plastics, wood, etc.

The principal object of the inventionis the provision of a novel and improved method of forming or cutting material such as metal, plastics, and the like, wherein a work blank is rotated in cutting relation with a disk-like or sector-like tool having a cutting edge portion or portions along the circumference or arcuate edge thereof rotated either continuously or intermittently about an axis angularly disposed and offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the work blank while a relative movement between the tool and work blank is eflected longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank and wherein the tool is caused to engage the work blank in such a manner that the thrust produced by the cutting action is substantially at right angles to the axis of. rotation of the tool. In other words, the work blank and tool are so positioned that a plane or planes at right angles to the axlsofrotation of the tool and passing through a cutting portion or portions of the tool are substantially tangent to the work blank.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel and improved method of forming or cutting material such as metal, :plastics, and the like wherein a work blank is rotated in cutting relation with a disk-like or sector-like tool having axially offset arcuately shaped cutting edge portions along the circumference thereof rotated either continuously or intermittently about an axis angularly disposed and offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the work blank while a relative movement between the tool and work blank is effected longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank and wherein the tool and work blank are so positioned that a plane or planes at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting portion or portions of the tool are substantially tangent to the work blank.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel and improved machine for forming or turning material such as metal, plastics, and the like, wherein the work blank is rotated in cutting relation with'a disk-like or sector-like tool having a cutting edge portion or portions along the circumference or arcuate edge thereof rotated either continuouslyor intermittently about an axis angularly disposed and offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the work blank while a relative movement between the tool and work blank is efiected longitudinally of the axis of -movement between the rotation of the work blank and wherein the work blank and tool are so positioned that a plane or planes at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting portion or portions of the tool are substantially tangent to the work blank.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel and improved disk-like or sector-like tool or cutter for turning or cutting material such as metal, plastics, and the like, when rotated either continuously or intermittently in cutting relation with a rotating work blank with its axis of rotation angularly disposed and offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the work blank and in such position that a plane normal to its axis of rotation and passing through a cutting portion thereof is substantially tangent to the work blank, while a relative feed fected longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel and improved disk-likeor. sector-like tool or cutter having axially spaced cutting portions for turning or cutting material such as metal, plastics, and the like, when rotated either continuously or intermittently in cutting relation with a rotating work blank with its axis of rotation angularly disposed and offset with respect to the. axis of rotation of the work blank and in such position that a plane normal to its axis of rotation and passing through a cutting portion thereof is substantially tangent to the work blank, while a relative feed movement between the tool and work blank is effected longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank.

The present invention resides in certain details of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, and further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates from the following description of the preferred embodiment thereof described with, reference to the accompanying drawings forming a part of the specification and in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine embodying the present invention showing the front and left-hand side of the same as viewed from the front;

Fig. 2 is.a perspective view of the machine shown in Fig. 1 showing the front and righthand side of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view with portions tool and work blank ls eiin elevation taken approximately through the center line of the machine:

Fig. 4 is a sectional view with portions in elevation approximately on the line 6-8 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged viewof a portion of the right-hand side of the machine;

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view with portions in elevation, taken approximately on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view with portions in elevation taken approximately on the line 3-?! of Fig. 8;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view taken on the line 8- -8 of Fig. '7;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view with portions in elevation taken approximately on the line 9-9 of Fig.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the cutter shown in Fig. 1, etc.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of the work and tool as viewed from the left-hand side of the machine;

Fig. 12 is a view approximately on the line I2-l2ofFig. 11;

Fig, 13 is a developed view of the cutting edge of the cutter shown in Fig. 10; and

Fig. 14 is a wiring diagram of the electric circuits of the machine. 7

Generally speaking, the method 01. the present invention contemplates rotating a work blank in approximately cutting relationship with a segmental tool or cutter slowly rotated either continuously or inasemes column B upon which is slidably supported for vertical movement a work head 0 through the medium of vertically spaced ways 623 and II The tool head D is adjustably supported for movement in a horizontal plane in a cylindrical aperture 12 intermediate the ways It and II. The work blank W, in the present instance, a 75 mm. shell, is supported by a chuck l3 fixed to the upper end of the work spindle l4 and a center i5 carried by a tailstock l6 slidably supported on vertical ways I? and I8 formed on the work head C. The tailstock I6 is adapted to be moved vertically and clamped and unclamped to the ways I! and i8 by a single operating lever H, the construction and operation of which are well known in the art. .The lower end of the work blank W,

Y which is the nose of the shell, is hollow and the termittently about an axis at or substantially at right angles to the axis of rotation of the blank and offset therefrom, with the tool engaging the work in such a manner that the cutting thrust produced thereby is substantially at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool while producing a relative feed movement between the blank and the tool in a direction longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the blank. When it is desired to cut portions of different diameter on the work blank, these portions are cut by axially spaced cutting portions on the tool.

While the invention is susceptible of embodiment in various modifications and alternative constructions, it is herein shown and described as embodied in a vertical type machine wherein the work is rotated about a vertical axis in cutting relation with a segmental type tool rotated about a horizontal axis at right angles to the axis of rotation of the work, and wherein a relative feed movement is effected between the work and tool in a-direction longitudinally orthe axis of rotation of the work. The tool or cutter is frusto-conical in shape with the cone axis coincident with the axis of rotation, and the base, which in operation is adjacent to the work, has axially offset portions since the 75 mm. shell which the cutter illustrated is designed to turn has por- I 'tions of different diameter. However, it is to be.

understood that if the tool is designed to produce "an article ot'uniform diameter, the cutting edges or portions of the tool will lie in the same plane; in other words, the working portions of the circumference of the segment which forms the tool will lie in the same plane; The speed of rotation of the work blank is preferably, but not necessarily, varied as difl'erent axially spaced portions ofthe cutter engage the blank so that the cutting operation is always performed at the maxiwork blank is chucked to the chuck l3 through the medium of an expandible mandrel M, the

construction of which forms no part of the present invention.

The tool T which is semi disk-like or segmental in shapeis carried by a horizontal tool spindle 20 rotatabiy supported in the tool head- D and during the cutting operation is slowly totated about its axis as the work is fed vertically past the same. In the embodiment shown, the work or shell W has a tapered base and nose II and 22, respectively, 'andtwo intermediate cylindrical sections 23 and M of diflerent diameters and accordingly the tool has four axially spaced cutting edges or portions a. b, c, and d, the first and last or which are inclined. The work spindle II is driven by a mump ed electric motor II, called the cut motor, the speeds of which are so adjusted that maximum cutting speed in feet per minute consistent with other conditions, suchas, the character of material being turned, the kind of tool employed, the rate of feed, etc., is maintained irrespective of the diameter of the work being turned at any particular time. In the embodiment illustrated, only one speedis employed since the variations. in the diameter of the dif- :terent portions of the work are not great. As shown, the vertical movement of the work head C which efl'ects the feed is produced by a cooperating lead screw 26 and nut 21. the former of which is driven from the work spindle, which assures a definite relationship between the speed of rotation of the work and the rate at which it is fed past the cutter. A high speed reversible electric motor 28, called the traverse motor, operatively connected to the nut 21 provides means for rapidly moving the work head C to-bring the work up to the tool at the beginnin of the cycle or operations and for returning the work head to its starting position after the blank has been turned and removed.

mum cutting speed consistent with other require- The machine is started by pressing a start button 29, which closes a circuit to the traverse mot'or 28, causing the same to rotate the nut 21 to move the work headrupwardly at a rapid rate. Just prior to the engagement of the work with the tool,- an adjustable stop 30 carried on a bar 3] fixed to the top-of the work head C actuates a switch 32, stopping the traverse motor 28 and starting the cut motor 25. Thereafter the work head C continues'to move in an upward direction but at a feed rate. If .the diameters of the different portions of *the work vary greatly, the speed of themotor 25 can be automatically varied as different portions of the work reach the cut- 33, 34, 35, and 36 carried by apiate 31 fixed to the work head C. These steps actuate suitable electric speed selection switches 88, I8, 48, and 4| fixed to the upper part of the column B and connected in the control circuit in a manner hereinafter described.

After the cutting operation is completed, the circuit-to the cut motor 25 is opened upon the actuation of a travel limit switch 42 by an adjustable stop 43 on the bar 3|, whereupon the machine stops, and the blank is removed. When the start button 29 is again depressed, the traverse motor 28 operates in the reverse direction to return the work head C tostarting position. In order to increase the flexibility of the machine, the control for the cut motor 25 preferably comprises a drum controllendesi-gnated generally by the reference character E, through the medium of which control circuits for the motor can be so selected that the motor will go through a cycle of various speeds automatically or any one of its various speeds can be selected. In the latter event, which is the. case in the present instance. the selected speed alone will operate during the entire cutting operation. In addition to the automatic position, designated Auto," and the four different'speed positions, designated 1, 2, 3, and 4, the drum controller E also has an oil position, designated Off.

The cut motor 25 is located within the column B but is fixed to and carried by the work head C through the medium ofa bracket 44. The armature shaft 45 of the motor 25 is connected to a shortshaft 46 by a coupling 41, which shaft is rotatably supported in the work head C and is. provided with a small gear 48 fixed thereon continuously in mesh with a large gear 49 fixed to a shaft 50 also rotatably supported in the work B and continuously in mesh with a nut ll fixed to the cylindrical rear end of the tool head. The lead screw 10 is provided with a micrometer dial 12 at the front end thereof, which end projects through the column B. The tool head can be clamped in any position to which it is adjusted head C. The shaft 58 projects into a gear compartment 5| in the lower front part of the work head C where it is operatively connectedto a short shaft 52-thr0llgh the medium of gears 53 and 54. The shaft 52 is rotatably supported in the work head C and is provided at the left-hand end, as viewed in Figs. 3 and 4, with a bevel gear continuously in mesh with the bevel gear 56- fixed to the work spindle l4. The gear compartment 5| is adapted to be closed by a removable cover 51, and the gears therein are preferably operated in oil.

The lead screw 28 is rotatably supported in the work head C against axial movement and is retated at a relatively slow speed and in timed relation. to the rotation of the work spindle H to effect the feed movement of the work head C by the cut motor 25 to which it is operatively connected by a worm wheel 58 fixed to its upper end, which worm wheel is continuously in mesh with a worm 58 keyed on a horizontal shaft 80 rotatably supported in the work head C. The shaft 88, like the shaft 50, projects through the partition 6| inthe work head C and the left-hand end thereof, see Fig, 4, is provided with a gear 62 in mesh with a gear 83 fixed to the shaft 52 to the left of the gear 54.

As previously stated, the nut 21 with which the lead screw 28 cooperates is adapted to be rotated at a high rate of speed to produce a rapid-traverse movement of the work head C in either direction by the traverse motor 28, the armature by a pair of clamps l3 and I4 adapted to be moved towards or from each other by a shaft 15 projecting through the clamp member I3 and having threaded engagement with the clamp member I4. As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the tool head D is retracted from operating position in the interest of clearness, but it is to be understood that during operation the tool head is advanced to bring the tool T into proper cutting position with respect to the work W.

As the work head C moves vertically, the tool spindle 20 and, in turn. the tool or cutter T is rotated slowly by a cam plate I8 bolted or otherwise detachably connected to the work head C, which cam plate has a cam slot I1 therein within which a cam roller I8 engages. The cam roller 18 is adjustably fixed to a rack bar I9 slidably supported in an extension 88 of the tool head D. The rack teeth 8| of the rack bar I9 are continuously in mesh with agear 82 fixed to the lefthand end of the tool spindle 28. To provide an adjustment between the roller I8 and the rack bar I9, the roller is mounted on a short shaft 83 fixed in a movable block or member 84 slidably supported in a suitable aperture 85 formed in the rack bar I9. The block or member 84 is adapted to be moved relative to the rack bar I9 by a screw 88 having threaded engagement with the member 84 and rotatably supported against axial movement in the rack bar I9. In order to eliminate back-lash in the mechanism operatively connecting the tool spindle 2a to the cam plate 16, the tool spindle is continuously urged in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig.8, by an air motor 81 located within the column B, the piston rod 88 of which is connected by a sprocket chain 89 to a sprocket Wheel 90 hired to the tool spindle 28. The air motor 81 is continuously supplied with air under pressure during the operation of the machine.

As previously stated, the tool or cutter T is frusto-iconical in shape, with the cutting edge or edges formed along the circumference of the base or end 92 of greatest radius and is preferably segmental or semi-circular as viewed axially. In other words the tool shown, generally speaking, resembles a segment of a frustrum of a right circular cone. In operation, the cutter is positioned with its axis of rotation 93 oflset from and angularly disposed with respect to the axis of rotation M of the work, the position being such that a plane or planes normal to the axis of rotation v convenient size.

rotated either continuously or intermittently and a relative feed movement is effected between the tool and the work in a direction longitudinally of the axis of the work. When it is desired to produce or turn a work piece-having port ons of different diameter by a single tool, the cutting portions or edges of the tool which form or cut the various diameters on the work are axially offset with respect to each other.

Referring to the tool and work shown, the tapered base 2i of the shell W, see Fig. 11, is turned by the axially inclined cutting edge a of the tool. The cylindrical portions 23 and 24 of the shell are turned by the axially ofiset cutting edges b and c and the tapered or rounded nose 22 of the-shell is turned by the axially inclined cutting edge d of the tool. In the embodiment shown, the length of the cutting edges of the tool is less than the length of the work being turned and the tool is continuously rotated during the cutting operation in the direction indicated by the arrow 95 in such a manner that the tool rolls with slip along the shell. This arrangement allows long work pieces to be turned by tools of A cylindrical section can be turned without rotating the tool but when turning a curved or irregular surface, some rotation must be imparted to the tool. In some instances it may be desired to stop the relative longitudinal feed movement temporarily and merely rotate the tool. As will beapparent to those Skilled in the art, the amount and speed of the rotation imparted to the tool will be, a function of the form of the tool, the speed of the'relative longitudinal feed movement between the tool and the work,-

and the shape of the blank being turned.

The conical shape or the tool provides rake or top slope for the cutting edge or edges. In the tool shown, no so-called clearance angle. is provided but it will be apparent that the tool may be formed or provided with a suitable clearance angle if desired. Preferably the tool and work are so positioned that the tool cuts on center but because of its frusto-conical shape, the radius of the cutting edge varies as a function of or in relation to the axial variation of the cutting edge. This variation of the radius of the cutting edge or edges makes it impossible to so position the tool andwork that the toolalways cuts exactly on center but the variation from center is not sufllcient to materially interfere with the operation. If the forms of the tool and work are such that any portion of the tool cuts any considerable distance oil center, suitable compensation can be made in the form of the tool or cutting edge to obtain the desired form of work. The correct form can be computed or arrived a by a cut and try method. Alternatively a cutter may be made similar in form to the finished work and used in the machine to produce a blank having the desired cutter form or approximately the desired form. Preferably the tool is so opererated that those portions of the cutting .edge

which do not cut on center out below center. If desired, provision can be made for automatically shifting the tool axially so that it always cuts on center or a predetermined position with respect thereto.

The cut motor 25 shown is of the four-speed type which allows the spindle to be rotated at any of four difierent speeds, thus producing a machine which will turn work of different diameters with the cutting operation always being performed at maximum efliciency. It is to be understood, however, that a motor having any desired number of speeds can be employed. A four-speed motor is selected for purposes of illustration because four speeds are sumcient to accommodate most articles which the present machine is designed to turn.

With the exception of the fact that the tool head is retracted in some of the figures as previ ously stated, the relative positions of the-various parts of' the machine at the commencement of a cycle of operations is shown in the drawings. The work head- C is at the bottom of its travel and after a; work blank W has been positioned in the work head, the machine is started by depressing the start push button switch 29, located on a control panel 96 fixed to the left-hand side of the machine in a position readily accessible to the operator. With the drum controller E set in its first position, that is in the position in which the motor operates at its lowest speed, the depressing of the start push button switch 29 closes a circuit from the line IOI through the normally closed stop' push buttonswitch I02, line I03, normally open start push button switch29, line I04, operating solenoid I 00 of relay I 00, line .I01, contacts I00 of travel'limit'switch 42, line I09, overload contacts IIO, line III, overload contacts II2, line II3, overload contacts II4, line- I I5, overload contacts II6, line H1, overload contacts IIO, line H9, and overload contacts I 20. to I34. The overload contactsIIO, H2, H4, III, I I8, and I20 are located on a motor control panel in the position shown in the wiringdiagram.

Energization of the operating solenoid III of relay I06 closes the normally open contacts I22,

I23, and I24 thereof and opens the normallyclosed contacts I25. The closing ofcontacts I22 establishes a circuit from the line IOI through thenormally closed stop push button switch I02, line i03, contacts I 22,'1ine I20; operating solenoid I21 or rapid-traverse motor "control panel "I23.

line I29, closed contacts I30 of change-over switch 32, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42, line I09, etc.,-to I2I. Energization of the operating solenoid I21 of the rapidtraverse motor control panel I29 closes the normally open contacts I3I, I32 and I33 connecting the rapid-traverse motor 28 to the power lines I M, I34, and I2I in such a manner thatthe motor operates in a direction to rapidly raise the work head C.

Simultaneously with the closing of contacts I3I, I32, and I33 of the rapid-traverse motor control panel I28 normally open contacts I35 on the control panel are closed. These contacts are in parallel circuit with the contacts I22 of relay I06 and establish a holding circuit for the operating solenoid I21, continuing the operation of the rapid-traverse motor 23 button switch 29 has been released.

'Ine closing of contacts I23 of relay I00 establishes a circuit frcm. the line'IOI 'through the stop push button switch I02,-line I03, contactbar I 36 of drum controller E, line I31, contacts I23, line I38, operating solenoid I39 of relay I 49, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42 and line I09, etc., to Hi. Energization of the operating solenoid I39 of relay I40 closes the normally open. contacts "I andJ 42 thereof. The contacts I are in parallel circuit with the contacts I23 of relay I06 and theclosing of these contacts establishes a holding circuit for the operating solenoid I39 of relay I40 after the start push button switch 29 is released. The closing of the contacts of contacts I42 of relay I40 do not establish any after the start push I 24 of relay I06'and the closing ing thecut motor 25 to the power lines IOI, I34, and I2I in such a manner that the motor rotates circuits at this time since these contacts are in series with open contacts I43 of change-over switch 32.

Just prior to the eng ement of the work with the tool, the stop 30 actuate's th change-over switch 32 to open the closed contacts I30 and close the open contacts I43 thereof. The opening of contacts I30 01 change-over switch 32 deenergizes the operating-solenoid I21 oi rapid-traverse motor control panel I disconnecting the rapidtraverse motor 28 from the line and causing the same to stop. The closing of contacts I43 establishes a circuit from the line IOI through the stop push button switch I02, line I03, normally open contacts I42 of relay I40, which contacts are now closed, line I44, contact bar I45 oi drum controller E, line I46, operating solenoid I41 of motor control panel I43, line I49, contacts I50 of relay I5I, line I52, contacts I43 of changeover switch 32,]line I01, contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42 and line 109, etc., to I2 I.

Energization of the operating solenoid I41 of motor control panel I48 closes the normally open contacts I53, I50, I55, and I56 thereof, connectat its flrst" speed. The cut motor continues to operate at its selected speed until the travel limit switch 42 is actuated'by the stop 43 to open 1 the normally closed contacts I08 thereorand 39 close the open contacts I51. The opening or the normally closed contacts I08 breaks the circuit 1 to the operating solenoid I41 of motor control panel I whereupon the motor comes to rest. With the work head C in its upper position,- the work blank is removed and the workhead returned to its initial or starting position by a ain depressing the start push button switch 23. This establishes a circuit from the line IOI through the stop push button switch I02, line I03, start push button switch 29, line I50, operating solenoid I50 01' motor control panel I29, line I30, contacts I51 of travel limit switch 42 and line I09, etc., to I34. Energization of the operating solenoid I50 of motor control panel I20 closes the normally open contacts I6I, I92,

108, and I00 thereof. The closing of contacts ItI, I52, and I 50 connects the rapid-traverse motor 28 to the lines IOI, I34, and I2I in such a manner that it rotates in a direction opposite to that in which it rotated when the start push button switch 20 was depressed with the work headin. its down position. The motor now operates in a direction to. lower the work head 0.

A holding circuit for the operating solenoid I59 is maintained by the closing of contacts I 54 which permits the start push .button switch 29 to b released without stopping the motor 28. As the work head 0 moves down, the change-over switch 32 is reset by the stop 30 to again close the con- 60 tacts I30 and open the contacts I43 thereof. The work head 0 moves in a downward direction at a rapid-traverse rate until the travel limit switch 42 is actuated by an adjustable stop 91 on the topof the work head C to open the closed contacts I01 and close the open contacts I08 thereof. The opening of contacts I51 breaks the circuit to the operating solenoid I59 of motor control panel I 20, stopping the rapid-traverse motor 28 and the closing of contacts I00 returns the electrical cir- 7o cuits to their original position. The cycle of operations can now be repeated by again depressing the start push button switch 29. The machine can be stopped at any time during its cycle oi operations by depressing the normally closed in turning the particular work referred to in the present instance, the other speeds are used for turning work of different size and it the work has portions of suificlently different diameters. two or more of the speeds may be employed to turn the various diameters on the work.

Since the present invention contemplates utilizing more than a single speed of the cut motor 25 under certain circumstances, a cycle of oper= atlons employing all four speeds of the motor will be herein described. Assuming that the speed selection switches 38, 39, 40 and H are properly positioned for the particular work which it is desired to cut and with the drum controller E set at auto, depressing oi the start push but-' ton switch 29 establishes a circuit from line IOI through normally closed stop push button switch I02, line I03, normally open startpush button switch 20, line I04, operating solenoid I05 of relay I00, line I01, contacts I08 of a travel limit switch 42, line I09, etc., to I2 I.

Energization of the operating solenoid I05 of relay I06 closes the normally open contacts I22, I23, and I24 and opens the normally closed contacts I25 thereof. The closing of the contacts I22 establishes a circuit from the line IOI through the normally closed stop push button switch I02, line I03, contacts I22, line I25, operating solenoid I21 or rapid-traverse motor control panel I20, line I29, closed contacts I30 of change-over switch 32, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42, line I09, etc., to I2I. Energize.- tion of operating solenoid I21 oi rapid-traverse motor control panel I28 closes the normally open contacts I M I 32, and I33, connecting the rapidtraver'se motor 20 to the power lines IOI, I34, and I2I in such a manner that the motor is operated in a direction to' rapidly raise the work head- C.

Simultaneously with the closing of contacts I3I, I32, and I33 of the rapid-traverse motor control panel I20, normally open contacts I35 on the same panel are closed, establishing a holding circuit for the operating solenoid I21 continuing the operation of the rapid-traverse motor 28 after the start push button switch 29 is released. The closing of the contacts I23 of relay I06 establishes a circuit from the line IOI through the stop push button switch I02, line I03, contact bar I36 of drum controller E, line I31, contacts I23, line I38, operating solenoid I39 of relay I40, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42, line I09, etc., to I2I. Energization of the operating solenoid I39 of relay I40 closes the normally open disconnecting the rapid-traverse motor from the line and allowing the same to stop. The closing of contacts I43 establishes a circuit from the line IOI through the stop push button switch I02, line 7 I03, normally open contacts I42 of relay I40,

the line IOI through the stop push button switch I02, wire I03, closed contacts I42, line I44, contact bar I45, line I1I, normally closed contacts I12 of speed selection switch 40 which also includes normally opencontacts I13, line I14, contacts I68, line I15, normally closed contacts I16 of speed selection switch 4| also having normally open contacts I11, line I18, contacts I69, line I19, contacts I10, line I80, normally open contacts I8I of speed selection switch 38, which contacts are now closed by the stop 33 on the plate 31, line I04, operating solenoid I05 of relay I06, line I01, closed' contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42, line I09, etc., to line I2I. This circuit again closes the normally open contacts of relay I06, contacts I24 of which establish a circuit from the line I38, closed contacts I24 of relay I06, lin'e I46, operating solenoid I41 of motor control panel 148, line I49, normally closed contacts I50 of relay I5I,

motor 25 rotating at its flrst" speed until the,

stop 34 closes the contacts I86 of the speed selection switch 39, whereupon a circuit is established from the line IOI through the stop push button switch I02, line I03, closed contacts I42 of relay- I40, line I44, contact bar I45 of drum controller E, line "I, normally closed contacts I12 of speed selection switch 40, line I14, closed contacts I68 .I68, I69 and I10. This establishes a circuit from line I52, closed contacts I43 of change-over switch 32, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch, line I09, etc., to line I2I.

.Energization of the operating solenoid I41 of motor control panel I48 closes the normally open contacts I53, I54, I55, and I58 thereof, connecting the motor 25 to the power lines IOI, I34, and I2I in such a manner that the motor rotates at its firs speed. Simultaneously with the closing of contacts I53, I54, I55, and I56 of motor control panel I48, normally open contacts I82 are also closed. These contacts establish a holding circuit for the operating solenoid I41 after the speed selection switch 38 is opened upon movement of the stop 33 away from the operating arm thereof. This holding circuit is fromthe line IOI through stop push button switch I02, line I03, closed contacts I42 of relay I40, line I44, contact bar I45 of drum controller E, line "I, normally closed contacts I12 of speed selection switch 40, line I14, closed contacts I68 of relay I61, line I15, normally closed contacts I16 of speed selection switch 4|, line I18, contacts I69, line I19,-contacts I10, line I80, contacts I82, line I46, operating solenoid I41, line I49, normally closed contacts I50, line I52, closed contacts I43, line I01, closed contacts I08, line -I09, etc., to line I2I.

The operating solenoid I83 of relay I84 is in parallel circuit with the operating solenoid I41 of motor control panel I48 and the relay is actuated simultaneously with the contacts of the motor control panel I48 to open the normally closed contacts I85 thereof. The contacts I85 of;

these contacts makes certain that theseoperating solenoids will not be simultaneously enersized with the solenoid I41 of motor control panel speed, thus eliminating any possibility of the op-- of relay I61, line I15, normally closed contacts I16 of speed selection switch 4|, line I18, closed contacts I69 of relay I61, line I19, normally open contacts I86 of speed selection switch 39, line I81, operating solenoid I88 of relay I5I, line I89, normally closed contacts I25 of relay I06 which is now deenergized, line I52, closed contacts I43 of change-over switch 32, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42, line I09, etc., to line I2I. Energization of the operating solenoid I88 of relay I5I opens the normally closed contacts I50 and I90 and closes the normally open contacts I9I thereof. The opening of the normally closed contacts I50 of relay I5I opens the circuit through the operating solenoid I41 of motor con trol panel I48, disconnecting the connections to the motor 25 by virtue of which it operates at its first speed. This also deenergizes the operating solenoid I83 of relay I84 allowing the contacts I85 thereof to close.

The closing of the contacts I9I of relay I5I, which occurs simultaneously with the opening of contacts I50, establishes a circuit through the operating solenoid I92 of motor control panel I93 from the line IOI through stop push button switch I02, line I03, closed contacts I42 of relay I40, line I44, contact bar I45 of drumcontroller E, line "I, normally closed contacts I12 of speed selection switch 40, line I14, closed contacts I of relay I61, line I15, normally closed contacts I16 of speed selection switch 4|, line I18, closed contacts I69 of relay I61, line I19, contacts I8I, line I94, operating solenoid I92, line I89, normally closed contacts I25 of relay I06, line I52, closed contacts I43 of change-over switch 32, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch 42, line I09, etc., to line I2I. Energization of the operating solenoid I92 of the motor control panel I93 closes the normally open contacts I95, I98, I91, and I 98 to the power lines in such a manner that the motor continues to operate but at "a different speed, herein referred to as the second speed. Simultaneously with the closing of the contacts I95, I96, I91, and I98 of motor control panel I93, contacts I99 of the same motor control panel are closed, establishing a holding circuit which maintains the operating solenoid I92 of motor control panel I93 energized after the contacts I86 of speed selection switch 39 have opened by the stop 34 moving clear of the actuating arm of said switch. Operating solenoid 200 of relay 20I is in parallel circuit with the operating solenoid I92 of motor control panel I93 and is energized simultaneously therewith to open the normally closed contacts 202 of said relay, which contacts are in series circuit with the operating solenoid 203 of motor control panel 204 by virtue of which the motor is connected to the power.

lines in such a manner that it operates at a different speed, herein referred to as its fourth erating solenoid 203 being simultaneously energized with the operating solenoid I92.

The machine continues to operate with the moment of the stop 35 with the operating arm there- I of. Actuation of this switch by the stop 85 opens the normally closed contacts I12 and closes the normally open contacts I13, The opening of the normally closed contacts I12 of speed selection switch 40 breaks the circuit to the operating solenoid I92 of motor control panel I93, deenergizing the circuits by virtue of which the motor operates at its second speed. The operating solenoid 200 of relay 20I which is in parallel circuit with the operating'solenoid I92 of motor control panel I 93 is deenergized at the same-time, allowing the normally closed contacts 202 of said relay to close. The closing of contacts I13 of speed selection switch 40-establishes a circuit from the line I I, through the stop push button switch I02, lirie I03, contacts I42 of relay I40, line I44, contact b'ar I of drum controller E, line "I, contacts I13 of speed selection switch 40, line 205, normally closed contacts 206 of motor control panel I93, line 201, normally closed contacts I85 of relay I80, line 208, normally closed contacts 209 of motor, control panel 203, line 2I0, operating solenoid 2 of motor. control panel 2I2, line 2I3, normally closed contacts I00 of relay I 5I,

line I80, normally closed contacts I25 of relay I 06, line I52, closed contacts I 43 of change-over switch 32, line I01, closed contacts I08 of travel limit switch 02, line I00, etc., to. line I2I. The contacts, 206 of motor control panel I33, which are now closed, were opened while the motor was operating at its second speed, thus preventing any possibility of the operating solenoid 2 of motor control panel 2I2 being energized simultaneously with the energization of the operating solenoid I92 of the motor control panel I93 by vir-" tue of which the motor is caused to operate at its second speed. In like manner the contacts 209, which are now closed, will be open when the motor is operating at its fourth" speed, thus preventing simultaneous energization of the operating solenoid 2 of motor control panel 2I2 with the operating solenoid 203 of motor control panel 200.

Energization of the operating solenoid 2 of motor control panel2l2 closes the normally open contacts 2H6, 215, 2I5, 2I1,'and 2I8 thereof. The closing of the normally open contacts 2I1 establishes. a circuit from the line 2I0 through the contacts 2I1, line 2I0, operating solenoid 220 of motor control panel Hi to line 2 I3. As previously stated, energization of the operating solenoid 2II of motor control panel 2I2 closes the The closing of the contacts m, 2I5, m, 222,

, 223, and 222 connects the motor 25 to the power lines in such a manner that the motor operatesat a diilerent speed than heretofore, which speed is herein referred to as the thirdspeed. The closing of normally open contacts 218 of. motor control panel 2I2 establishes a holding circuit around the contacts I13 of speed selection switch 00. This maintains the operating solenoids 2II and 220 of the motor control panel 2I2 and 22I,

' respectively, energized after the contacts I13 have opened upon movement of the, stop 35 away speed selection switch 4| is actuated by engagement of thestop 36 with the operating arm thereon. Actuation of this switch by the stop 36 opens the normally closed contacts I16 and closes the n ormally open contacts I11. The closing of the normally open' contacts I11 establishes a circuit from the line IOI through the stop push button switch I02, line I03, contacts I42 of relay J40, line I44, contact bar I45 of drum controller E, line I1I, contacts I12 of speed selection switch 40, line I14, contacts I63 of re-. lay I61, line I15, contacts I11 of speed selection switch 4I, line 225, normally closed contacts 226 of motor control panel I08, line 221, normally closed contacts 202 of relay 20I, line 228, operating solenoid 203 of motor control panel 204, line 2 I3, normally closed contacts I 90 of relay I5I, line "I09, normally closed contacts I25 of relay I 06, line I52, contacts I43 of change-over switch 32, line I01, contacts I08 of travel limit switch 52, line I09, etc., to line I2I.

Energization of the operating solenoid 203 of motor control panel 200 closes the normally open contacts 229, 230, 23!, and 232, and opens the normally closed contacts 209. 'The closing of the normally open contacts 232 establishes a circuit forthe operating solenoid 233 of motor control panel 230 from the line 225, through line 235, line 2I3, etc., closing the normally open contacts 236, 231, 238, and 239. The closing of contacts 229, 230, and 23I of motor control, panel 200 and contacts 230, 231, and 230 of motor control panel 230 connects the cut motor 25-to the power lines in such a manner that the motor operates at a different speed, herein referred'to as the fourth speed. The closing of the normally open contacts 239 of motor control panel 230 maintains the circuit to the operating solenoids 203 and 2330f the motor control panels 200 and 230 energized after the contacts I11 open due to the stop 33 moving away therefrom. The contacts I10 of speed selection switch 4| are in series circuit with the operating solenoid I02 which when energized causes the motor 20 to operate at its "secon, speed and theopening of these contacts prevents 'energization of the operating solenoid I92 simultaneous with the energization of the operating solenoids 203 and 233 of the motor control panels 200 and 232. Any possibility of the operating solenoid I01 of the motor control panel I00 or the solenoids 2II and 220 of the motor control panels 2I2 and 22I, respectively,-being energized simultaneously with the energization of the operating solenoids 203 and 233 of motor control panels 200 and 230, respectively, is prevented "in the manner previously pointed out.

The cut motor 25 continues to operate at its fourth" speed until the travel limit switch 42 is actuated by the stop 43 to open the normally closed contacts I03 thereof and close the normally open contacts I51." The opening of the normally closed contacts I03 of the travel limit I switch 62 breaks the circuit to the operating solefrom the actuating mechanism of the speed selec- V tion switch 00. a

The machine continues to operate with the motor rotating at its "third? speed until the oi the same relay.

noids 203 and 233 of the motor control panels 204 and 230, respectively, whereupon the motor comes to rest. If at any time during the operation of the motor 25 at any of its speeds other than the first speed the start button 29 is depressed, the motor will drop back to its first" speed by virtue of the closing of contacts I20 of relay I06 and the opening of contacts I25 7 The closing of contacts I20 completes the circuit to the necessary relays, etc., to connect the cut motor 25 to the power lines in such a manner that it operates at its "first" speed, and the simultaneous opening of the normally closed contacts I25 breaks the circult to all other relays, etc., as will be apparent from the wiring diagram. The cut motor 25 then continues to operate at its "first" speed until one of the speed selection switches 39, Ml, and M is actuated by its respective stop, whereupon the motor operates at the selected speed and continues its automatic cycle of operation. Any'possibility of energizing the operating solenoids 203, 233, 2, and 220 of the motor control panels 206, 238, 2I2, and 2M, respectively, simultaneously with the operating solenoid I92 of motor control panel I93 is prevented by the normally closed contacts I90 of relay I5I, which contacts open along with the closing of contacts I91 which latter contacts energize the operating solenoid I92.

When the-drum controller E is turned to its "second position, the contact bar I45 is connected to line I94. This establishes the operating circuit for solenoid I92 of motor control panel I93 upon the closing of contacts I43 of changeover switch 32 in a manner similar to that previously described with reference to the nergization of operating solenoid I41 of motor control panel I48 when the controller E was set in the first" position. In this event the cut motor 25 operates at its "secon speed throughout the feed portion of the cycle of operations of the machine. After thejwork has moved past the cutter, the upward movement of the work head is stopped by the actuation of the travel limit switch 42 by the adjustable stop 43. The work is then removed and the work head returned to its starting position in a manner previously described upon depressing the start push button switch 29.

When the drum controllerE is rotated to its third" position, the contact bar I45 is connected to line 205, and, when rotated to its fourth" position, the contact bar is connected to line 225 causing the operating solenoids of motor control panels 2I2 and 22I, and 204 and 234, respectively, to be energized upon the-closing of contacts I 43' of change-over switch 32, causing the cut motor 25 to operate at its third or -fourth" speed, as the case may be, in a manner similar to that in which it was caused to actuate at its first and "second speeds when the contact bar I45 is connected to the lines I46 and I94, respectively.

Coolant for the tool or cutter is adapted to be supplied by a pump, not shownon the drawings, which pump is driven by an electric motor 240, the operation of which is controlled by a motor control panel 24I, the operating solenoid 242 of which is connected in the control circuit previously described in such a manner that the motor 24!] operates only while the cut motor 25 is operated. When the operating solenoid 242 of the motor control panel 245 is energized, the normally open contacts 243, 244, and 245 are closed connecting the motor to the power lines and cansing the same to operate. A snap switch 248 located on the control panel I00 provides means for preventing operation of the motor 24 when it is desired to operate the cut motor 25 without the coolant motor 249. When the switch 24$ is closed, a circuit is established from the line 138 through the switch 246, line 241, operating solenoid242 of motor control panel 2 to l ne I52. This circuit is in parallel with the operating solenoid I39 of relay I40 when the contacts I48 of change-overswitch 32 are closed.

The connections between the motors and the motor control panels which actuatethe same are not referred to herein in detail but are well--.

known in the art and are shown on the wiring diagram. In the wiring diagram, the leads to the motor 25 are designated by the reference characters 248'to 26I, inclusive. The leads to the motor 28 are designated by the reference characters 262, 263, and m and the leads to the mo! tor 2 30 by the reference characters 265, 266, and 251. The particular motor control shown herein is claimed in my copending applications Serial Nos. 381,035 and 504,693, filed February 28, 1941, and October 2, 1943, respectively, the latter of which applications is a division of the former.

From the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent that the objects heretofore enumerated and others have been accomplished and that applicant has provided a novel and improved machine,

method, and cutter, for cutting or turning metal,

plastics, and the like. While the preferred'embodiments of the invention have been described with considerable detail, it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the particular constructions shown and referred to. Alternative constructions and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates and it is my intention to hereby cover all adaptations, modifications, alternative constructions, and uses which come within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in th appended Having thus described my invention, 1 claim:

1. In a machine of the character described,

the combination of a frame, a work spindle ro-- tatably supportedby said frame, said work-spindie including -means formtatably supporting a work blank, a tool spindle rotatably supported by shaped cutting edge or portion oifset from the plane of the axis of rotation of the work spindle perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool spindle and having a radius equal to or substantially equal to the ofiset between the axis of rotation of the tool and work spindle, said tool having a radially extending top rake angle, means for rotating said work spindle, means for producing a relative feed movement between said work spindle and said tool spindle in a direction generally longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and means for rotating said tool spindle.

2. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a frame, a, work spindle rotatably supported by said frame, said work spindle including means for rotatably supporting a work blank. a tool spindle rotatably supported by said frame with its axis of rotation angularly disposed to and ofiset from the axis of rotation of the work spindle, a frusto-conical sector-like tool having cutting edges or portions along the arcuate part thereof of greatest radius, said cutting edges or portions being offset from the plane of the. axis of rotation of the work spindle perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool spindle and having radii equal to or substantially equal to the offset between the axis of rotation spindle.

3. The method of cutting metal and the like which comprises rotating a work blank to be formed or cut in cutting relationship with a tool comprising a body portion having an arcuate shaped cutting edge or portion and so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at vright angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and formed in cutting relationship with a tool comprising a body portion having an arcuate edge provided with axially ofiset cutting edges or portions adapted to produce portions of difierent diameter on the work blank and so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting edge or portion thereof in contact with the work blank is substantially tangent to the work blank, producing a arcuate shaped cutting edge or portion,- said tool being so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through the part of the cutting edge or portion in engagement with I the work at any particular time is substantially relative feed movement between the work blank and tool longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and rotating the tool in predetermined timed relation to the relative feed movement.

5. The method of cutting metal and the like which comprises rotating a work blank to be formed in cutting relationship with a tool comprising a frusto-conical body portion having an arcuate edge provided with axially offset cutting edges or portions adapted to produce portions of difierent diameter on the work blank, said tool being so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of thetool and passing through a cutting therebetween and the work.

6. The method of cutting metal and the like which comprisesrotating a work blank to be formed in cutting relationship with a rotatable tool comprising a body portionhaving an arcuate shaped cutting edge or portion, said tool being so positioned with respect to the work blank that a. plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through the point of contact between the tool and the work blank is substantially tangent to the latter; producing a relative feed movement between the tool and the work blank longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and continuously rotating the tool in timed relation to the relative feed movement therebetween and the work.

7. The-method of cutting metal and the like whichcomprises rotating a work blank to be formed in cutting relationship with a rotatable tool comprising a irusto-conical body having an able tool comprising a frusto-conical sector-like tangent to the work blank, producing a relative feed movement between the tool and the work blank longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and continuously rotating the tool in timed relation to the relative feed movement therebetween and the work.

8. The method of cutting metal or the like which comprises rotating a work blank to be cut or formed in cutting relationship with a rotatable tool comprising a frusto-conical sector-like body portion having the larger arcuate edge thereof provided with axially ofiset cutting edges or portions adapted to produce portions of different diameter on the work blank, said tool being so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through the point of engagement between the tool and the work blank is substantially tangent to the work blank, producing a relative feed movement between the tool and the work blank longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and rotating the tool in timed relation to the relative feed movement therebetween and the work.

9. The method of cutting metal or the like which comprises rotating a work blank to be cut or formed in cutting relationship with a rotatable tool comprising a frusto-conical sector-like body portion having the larger arcuate edge provided with axially offset cutting edges or portions adapted to produce portions of diflerent diameter on the work blank, said tool being so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through the point of engagement of the tool with the work blank is substantially tangent to' the work blank, producing a relative feed movement between the tool and the work blank longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and continuously rotating the tool in timed relation to the relative feed movement therebetween and the work.

10. The method of cutting metal or the like which comprises rotating a work blank to be cut or formed in cutting relationship with a rotatbody portion having the larger arcuate edge provided with axially oil'set cutting edges or portions adapted toproduce portions of different diameter on the work blank, said tool being so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation ofthe tool and passing'through the point of engagement of the tool with the work blank is substantially tangent to the work blank, producing a relative feed movement between the tool and the work blank longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and intermittently rotating the tool in timed relation to the relative teed movement therebetween and the work.

11. The method of cutting metal or the like which comprises rotating a work blank to be cut or formed in cutting relationship with a rotatable tool comprising'a frusto-conical sectorlike body portion having the larger arcuate edge provided with axially offset cutting edges or portions adapted to produce portions of diflerent diameter on the work blank, aid tool being so positioned with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through the point of engagement of the tool with the work blank is substantially tangent to the work blank, producing a relative feed movement'between the tool and the work blank longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the work blank, and rotating the tool at difierent speeds but in timed relation to the relative feed movement therebetween and the work.

12. A rotatable tool of the character described comprising arotatable body portion having an arcuate shaped cutting edge or portion and a radially extending top rake angle, said tool being adapted to be rotated in cutting relation with a rotating work blank in such position that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting edge or portion thereof in engagement with the work blank is substantially tangent to the latter.

13. A-rotatable tool of the character described comprising a rotatable frusto-conical body portion having an arcuate shaped cutting edge or "portion and a top rake angle produced by said conical shape, said tool being adapted to be rotated in cutting relation with a rotating work blank in such position that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting edge or portion thereof in engagement with the work blank is substantially tangent to the latter.

with the work blank is substantially tangent to the work blank.

15. A tool or the character described comprising a rotatable body portion having axially onset arcuate shaped cutting edges or portions adapted to produce portions of difierent diameter on a work blank, said tool having a radially extending top rake angle and being adapted to be rotated in cutting relationship with a rotating work blank in such position that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting edge or portion in engagement with the work blank 15 substantially tangent to the latter.

16. A tool of the character described comprising a sector-like body portion having axially onset cutting edges or portions along the arcuate edge thereof adapted to produce portions of different diameter on a work blank, said tool having a radially extending top rake angle and being adapted to be rotated in cutting relationship with a rotating work blank in such position with respect to the work blank that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting edge portion in engagement with the work blank is substantially tangent to the work blank.

17. A tool of the character described comprising a sector-like body portion having an axially beveled circumference part and'cutting edges or portions along the arcuate edge of greatest radius, a plurality of said cutting edges or portions being axially ofiset .wlth respect to each other and adapted to produce portions of diflerent diameter on a work blank, said tool having a radially extending top rake angle and being adapted to be rotated in cutting relationship with a rotating work blank and positioned with respect to said work blank in such manner that a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the tool and passing through a cutting ed e p rtion in contact with the work blank is substantially tangent to the work blank.

OTIS E. STAPLES. 

